iGCSEyr11Physics

iGCSE year 11 Physics

[|New CIE syllabus]
 * [|New iGCSE specification]**

YEAR 11 - SUMMARY OF THE COURSE


 * __ Unit no. __ ||  __ Unit title __  ||  __ Duration (approximate) __  ||
 * 1 ||  Forces and their effects  ||  4 weeks  ||
 * 4 ||  Electricity  ||  4 weeks  ||
 * 5 ||  Nuclear Physics  ||  2 weeks  ||
 * || Investigative skills  ||  Throughout the course  ||

(This document is “work in progress” and it is constantly updated)

===Time This is a suggested period of duration for each part of the unit. It is not intended to be rigid and more time is spent on a particular area if the needs of the pupils necessitate it. ===

Risk In any practical work risk assessment is crucial, the key is as follows:

 * ===B: Minor risk from hot objects (burns) === ||
 * ===E: minor risk from electrical equipment === ||
 * ===N: no significant risk === ||
 * ===S: specific risk assessment === ||
 * ===H: minor risk from heavy objects === ||

In year 10, students are usually split into three groups: 10C is the single science group. The double science group is split into 10A and 10AA.

Homework
Students are given the chapter from the book. They are asked to read it, make notes on it and answer all the questions. They are also occasionally asked to complete classwork and write up experiments. During outings week they are asked to research their ISA Hypothesis and complete the Research notes sheet.


 * Textbook: Nelson Thornes: AQA Science A; Jim Breithaupt et al. **
 * Lesson allocation: 2 **** ´ **** 80 minutes per week for two terms (in rotation). **
 * Homework allocation: 2 x 30 minutes per week **

 New iGCSE [|science-double-award-8404] Throughout the course, students will be taught: experimental and investigative skills, mathematical skills and learn about the units of physical quanities. **(inc. homework)** || **Assessment** ||  **Different-** **iation** ||  **Resources**  ||  **Risk**  || 1.1 Motion Vectors and scalars Distance time graphs Velocity and acceleration <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Velocity-time graphs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.2 Resultant forces <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Action and reaction <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Resultant forces <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">F=m x a || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.1 Distance – time graphs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">How to interpret the gradient of a distance time graph
 * =Week= || **Learning Objectives**  ||  **Learning Activities/Strategies**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P1: Forces and their effects

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.2 Velocity and acceleration <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Acceleration is the gradient of a velocity time graph. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Ticker timers and ticker tapes. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Plotting distance-time and velocity-time graphs

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.3 more about velocity – time graphs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">gradient of a distance time graph is speed and the area under a velocity time graph is distance travelled.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.4 Using graphs

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.1 Forces between objects <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Forces between objects are equal and opposite.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.2 Resultant force <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">A non zero resultant force will cause an acceleration

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.3 Force and acceleration <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Force equals mass times acceleration

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Trolleys attached to weights pulling them through a pulley. Use of ticker timers or light gates.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P=m x v <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Conservation of momentum <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">F = rate of change of momentum || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.4 Momentum <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Momentum = mass x velocity
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.3: Momentum

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Measuring momentum of rolling balls or trolleys down an inclined plane. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Balances forces at constant speed <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Forces needed to stop a moving vehicle <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Stopping distance <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Reaction time, thinking distance <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Energy changes during braking <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Factors affecting braking distance || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.4 On the road <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The resultant force on a car travelling at constant speed is zero. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Forces in a fluid <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Terminal velocity <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">W = m x g || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.5 Falling objects <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">When an object falls in a fluid it accelerates until the forces balance and it reaches a constant terminal velocity. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Effect of force on an object (including shape) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Hooke’s Law and elastic behaviour || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.6 Stretching and squashing <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The force on a spring is proportional to the extension produced, up to the limit of proportionality.
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.4 Forces and braking
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.5 Forces and terminal velocity
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.6: Forces and elasticity

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Springs being stretched by weights. Plotting force v extension graphs. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Work done when forces cause movement <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> W = F x d <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Work done against friction <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Power = Work done divided by time <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Gpe = m x g x h <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> KE = ½ x m x v2 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Kinetic energy in cars and road safety || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.1 Energy and work <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">When a force is used to move an object, work is done against friction, often resulting in heat being produced.
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">1.7: Forces and energy

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Work done in pulling objects along the bench.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.2 Gravitational potential energy <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Gpe = mass x gravity x height

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Calculating their own gravitational potential energy and work being done when doing step ups on a stool.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.3 Kinetic energy <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">KE = ½ x mass x (velocity)2

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Measure speed of rolling ball down a runway v height of runway. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.1 Electrical circuits <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Flow of charges in conducting materials <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Current a s a flow of charge <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">I = Q / t <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">V = E / Q <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Circuit symbols and circuit diagrams <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Use of thermistors and LDRs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Current-potential difference graphs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Measuring resistance of a component <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">V = I x R <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">I – V graphs for Ohmic resistors, filament bulbs and diodes <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Adding cells in series <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Components in series <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Components in parallel <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The LED <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Heating effect of current in different types of bulb || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.2 Electrical circuits <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">A variety of components can be connected together and allow charge to flow.
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P4 Electricity
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P4 Electricity

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Setting up simple circuits <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Virtual circuit: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.3 Resistance <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">A wire at constant temperature obeys Ohm’s Law.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.4 More current – potential difference graphs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The resistance of different components can be investigated in an Ohm’s law type of circuit.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Measuring resistance directly and using Ohms law.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Pd v I graphs for different components.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Cells and batteries supply direct current ((dc) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Alternating current and flow of charge <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Period and frequency from CRO traces <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">PD from ac and dc traces on a CRO <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Mains electricity <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">A diode can provide rectification <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Wiring plugs in the home <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Fuses and circuit breakers <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">RCCBs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Earthing in some appliances || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.1 **Electrical appliances**: Electrical appliances are very useful. A range of energy transfers can happen in electrical appliances.
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.2 Household electricity

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; text-align: center;">Power meter with a variety of electrical appliances being used.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">3.2 **Electrical power**: Power of an appliance is a measure of how much energy it transfers per second. How to calculate the power of an appliance. How to calculate the efficiency of an electrical appliance. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Essential parts of the National Grid <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Energy losses and need for high voltage <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Step up and step down transformers || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.5 **The National Grid**: How the National Grid is used to distribute electricity around the country. Why transformers are used to increase and decrease the voltage of alternating current.
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.4 The National Grid

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Show how a transformer works.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.6 **Big energy issues**: How we utilize our electricity supplies to meet our demands. There is a variety of factors to consider when deciding future energy needs.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4.4 **Energy and the environment**: How burning fuels affects the environment. There are severe potential hazards with the use of nuclear power and the disposal of nuclear waste. ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">5.1 Atomic structure <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Basic structure of an atom <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Relative masses / charges of proton / neutron / electron <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Neutral atoms and ions <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Atomic and mass numbers ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Random nature of radioactivity <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Background radiation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Alpha, beta and gamma radiation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Balancing nuclear equations <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Deflection of radioactivity in electric and magnetic fields <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Uses and dangers of radioactivity <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Half life || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P5 Nuclear Physics
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">5.2 Atoms and radiation

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">[|chart of radioactive isotopes] ||  ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">What is fission ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">What is nuclear fusion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Formation of stars under gravity <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Life cycle of a star <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Formation of elements in stars and in a supernova ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">5.3 Nuclear fission
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">5.4 Nuclear fusion
 * || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Investigational work **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">: Observations can be used to make a hypothesis. Hypothesis can generate predictions that can be tested experimentally. Designing a fair test. Recognise variables: Independent, Dependent and control variables.Make a risk assessment and reduce risk in experiments. ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Investigational work **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">: Decide the best range of variables. Ensure accuracy, precision and repeatability Relate the resolution of the instrument to accuracy. Present data accurately. Plot lines of best fit. Use the date and graphs to draw valid conclusions.Relate findings of investigations to every day life. ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Investigational work **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">: Decide the best range of variables. Ensure accuracy, precision and repeatability Relate the resolution of the instrument to accuracy. Present data accurately. Plot lines of best fit. Use the date and graphs to draw valid conclusions.Relate findings of investigations to every day life. ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

1. Motion 2. Forces 3. Work, energy and momentum 4. Current electricity 5. Mains electricity 6. Radioactivity 7. Energy from the nucleus

[|exam timetable]